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岩佐さんの論文がJ Anatomyに掲載

岩佐さんの僧帽筋形成についての論文がJ Anatomyに受諾されました。MRI_DTIを用いて僧帽筋形成過程を、外観だけでなく、椎体レベルごとの筋線維の走行まで観察しました。また、論文内の図が表紙に採用されました。

  • 胎児初期におけるヒト僧帽筋(TpzM)の発達を観察し、拡散テンソル画像(DTI)分析を適用して生理機能につながる筋肉の構造を記述
  • 僧帽筋はCS20で初めて検出され、その位置は、その挿入部および起始部である肩甲骨、鎖骨、および椎骨の形成とともに変化した。
  • 腹側ビューでの線維配向は、挿入部が変化する中間部分を除いて、頸椎から胸椎にかけて徐々に変化し、これはすべての初期胎児標本でほぼ同じであった。
  • 僧帽筋の上部では、椎骨レベルに応じて線維配向が3次元的になだらかに変化していた。

69. Iwasa Y, Kanahashi T, Imai H, Otani H, Yamada S, Takakuwa T. Human trapezius muscle development during early fetal period. J Anatomy 2024, 245, 663-673, doi: 10.1111/joa.14116

Abstract

This study aimed to observe human trapezius muscle (TpzM) development during the early fetal period and apply diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) analysis to describe the muscle architecture that leads to physiological functions. Human embryonic and early fetal specimens were selected for this study. TpzM was first detected at Carnegie stage 20. The position of the TpzM changed with the formation of the scapula, clavicle, and vertebrae, which are its insertions and origins. DTI revealed the fiber orientation from each vertebral level to dissect each muscle. Fiber orientation in the ventral view gradually changed from the cervical to thoracic vertebrae, except for the middle part at which the insertions changed, which was almost similar in all early fetal specimens. The TpzM volume increased from C1 to C7 in the upper part, reached local maxima at C6 and C7 in the middle, and then decreased. These muscles can be categorized into three parts according to their insertions and presented with the features of each part. The fiber orientation and distribution of the three parts at the vertebral level were almost constant during the early fetal period. The border between the upper and middle parts was mainly located around the C6 and C7 vertebral levels, whereas the middle and lower parts were between the Th1 and Th2 vertebral levels. A three-dimensional change in the fiber orientation in the upper part of the TpzM according to the vertebral level was noticeable. Our data will help to elucidate the developmental processes of TpzM.

石田かのんさんの修士論文がCells Tissues Organsに掲載

石田かのんさんの修士論文がCells Tissues Organsに掲載されました。

膝関節の後半月大腿靭帯(pMFL)は、膝関節安定への寄与や円盤状外側半月板(DLM)との関連が報告されていますが、健常な膝におけるその発生過程は調査されていません。本研究では、pMFLの形成について、ラットを対象に、組織切片、EFIC等を用いて検討しました。理学療法学講座の青山先生、谷間先生との共同研究です。

  • EFIC画像から作成した3次元再構成画像を用いて、ラットの膝関節における後半月板靭帯の発達を解析し、他の膝関節構成要素との関係を検討。
  • E16-21日のWistarラット胚の膝関節を対象。
  • pMFLはE17から観察され、成熟ラットと同様にすべての発育段階で大腿骨内側顆と外側半月板に付着
  • pMFLと膝関節周囲の構成要素は、発生初期から位置関係を維持したまま発達していると考えられる。

Ishida K, Ishikawa A, Yamada S, Takakuwa T, Aoyama T, Three-dimensional imaging analysis of the developmental process of posterior meniscofemoral ligaments in rat embryos. Cells Tissues Organs 2024, in press, , DOI: 10.1159/000536108

The posterior meniscofemoral ligament (pMFL) of knee joint is a ligament that runs posterior to the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) and it is known that the height of the pMFL attachment site causes meniscus avulsion. Therefore, understanding the three-dimensional (3D) structure of the pMFL attachment site is essential to better understand the pathogenesis of meniscus disorders. However, the developmental process of pMFL has not been well investigated. The purpose of this study was to analyze pMFL development in rat knee jointsusing 3D reconstructed images produced from episcopic fluorescence image capture (EFIC) images and examine its relationship with other knee joint components. Knee joints of Wistar rat embryos between embryonic day (E) 16 and E21 were observed with HE stained tissues. Serial EFIC images of the hindlimbs of E17-E21 were respectively captured, from which 3Dimages were reconstructed and the features of pMFL structure: length and angle, were measured. Besides, the chronological volume changes and the volume ratio of the knee joint components compared to E17 were calculated to identify the differences in growth by components. pMFL was observed from E17 and was attached to the medial femoral condyle and lateral meniscus at all developmental stages, as in mature rats. The lack of marked variation in the attachment site and angle of the pMFL with the developmental stage indicates that the pMFL and surrounding knee joint components developed while maintaining their positional relationship from the onset of development. Current results may support to congenital etiology of meniscus disorder.

磯谷さんの修士論文がAnatomical Recordに掲載

磯谷さんの修士論文がAnatomical Recordに掲載されました。

胎児循環に特有の胎盤から心臓にむかう静脈路(臍帯静脈、門脈洞、静脈管、下大静脈)について、領域による特徴を高解像度デジタルデータ(MRI, CT)から得られた立体再構成像と組織像を用いて検討しました。

  • 胎児循環に特有の胎盤から心臓にむかう静脈路(臍帯静脈、門脈洞、静脈管、下大静脈)について領域ごとの特徴を検討
  • 胚子期から胎児期初期の29個の標本を高解像度デジタル画像化のために選択し、18個の胚を組織学的解析のために選択した。
  • 領域による特徴を高解像度デジタルデータ(MRI, CT)から得られた立体再構成像と組織像を用いて検討し明らかにした。

67. Isotani N, Kanahashi T, Imai H, Yoneyama A, Yamada S, Takakuwa T. Regional differences in the umbilical vein and ductus venosus at different stages of normal human development. Anat Rec (Hoboken), 2024, 307, 3306-3326.DOI:10.1002/ar.25421

During the fetal period, oxygenated blood from the placenta flows through the umbilical vein (UV), portal sinus, ductus venosus (DV), and inferior vena cava (IVC) to the heart. This venous route varies regionally in many aspects. Herein, we sought to characterize the venous route’s morphological features and regional differences during embryonic and early-fetal periods. Twenty-nine specimens were selected for high-resolution digitized imaging; 18 embryos were chosen for histological analysis. The venous route showed a primitive, large, S-shaped curved morphology with regional narrowing and dilation at Carnegie stage (CS) 15. Regional differences in vessel-wall differentiation became apparent from approximately CS20. The vessel wall was poorly developed in most DV parts; local vessel-wall thickness at the inlet was first detected at CS20. The lumen of the venous route changed from a non-uniform shape to a relatively round and uniform morphology after CS21. During the early-fetal period, two large bends were observed around the passage of the umbilical ring and at the inlet of the liver. The length ratio of the extrahepatic UV to the total venous route increased. The sectional area gradually increased during embryonic development, whereas differences in sectional area between the DV, UV, and IVC became more pronounced in the early-fetal period. Furthermore, differences in the sectional area between the narrowest part of the DV and other hepatic veins and the transverse sinus became more pronounced. In summary, the present study described morphological, morphometric, and histological changes in the venous route throughout embryonic and early-fetal development, clarifying regional characteristics.

岩佐さんの修士論文がJ Anatomyに掲載

岩佐さんの腹直筋腱画についての論文がJ Anatomyに掲載されました。MRI_DTIを用いて腹直筋腱画形成過程を検討しました。

  • 胎児期早期の腹直筋腱画形成過程について、数、大きさ、タイプ、側方性、性別による検討を拡散テンソル画像を用いて行った。
  • 両側の腱性交差の平均数は3.1(範囲:2.0-4.0)であり、21%の検体では腱性交差は2つだけであった。
  • 腱性交差の形成における帯状の違いは、これまでの成人の研究で観察されたものとほぼ一致していた。拡散テンソル画像は、腱性交差部形成の早期分化を検出することができ有用であった。

Iwasa Y, KanahashiT, ImaiH, OtaniH, YamadaS, Takakuwa T. Formation of tendinous intersections in the human fetal rectus abdominis, J Anatomy 2024, in press, DOI: 10.1111/joa.14064

Abstract

Previous studies have poorly described the initial development process of the tendinous intersections of the rectus abdominis muscle (RAM). The present study aimed to observe the formation of tendinous intersections in the RAM during the early fetal period using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). Fifteen human fetal specimens (crown-rump length [CRL]: 39.5–93.7 mm) were selected. Three-dimensional measurements revealed that Zone-4 (i.e., the zone between the pubic symphysis and the caudal base of the umbilical ring in the RAM) had a smaller width and was thicker than Zone-1 and Zone-2 (i.e., the zones between the costal arch and the cranial base of the umbilical ring) and Zone-3 (i.e., the zone at the umbilical ring). Characteristics of tendinous intersections in the RAM during the early fetal period were assessed according to number, size, type, laterality, and sex. The mean number of tendinous intersections on both sides was 3.1 (range: 2.0–4.0), and 21% of specimens had only two tendinous intersections, which was higher than that reported in previous adult studies. The present data suggest that the formation of tendinous intersections was still in progress in specimens with two tendinous intersections in the RAM and that the third tendinous intersection was formed in Zone-2. Ordinal logistic regression via generalized estimating equations revealed that the odds for a higher type of tendinous intersections in Zone-1 and Zone-2 were significantly higher than those in Zone-4 (adjusted odds ratio: 14.85, 8.84). The odds for the presence of incomplete types (tendinous intersections that could not completely transverse the RAM) in Zone-3 were significantly higher than those in Zone-1 (adjusted odds ratio: 7.4). The odds for missing tendinous intersections in Zone-4 were significantly higher than those in Zone-1 (adjusted odds ratio: 20.5). These zonal differences in the formation of tendinous intersections were consistent with those observed in previous adult studies. In this study, DTI detected tendinous intersections in a sample with a CRL of 45.8 mm (approximately 11 weeks of gestation), which is earlier than that in previous histological findings, indicating that the RAM does not have mature tendinous intersections until the 17th week of gestation. In conclusion, DTI could detect the premature differentiation of tendinous intersection formation. Our data may aid in elucidating the developmental processes of tendinous intersections in the RAM.

金橋先生の論文がCommun. Biol.に掲載

恥骨下角には性差がみられる

金橋先生の論文がCommunications Biologyに受諾されました。

ヒト胎児の骨盤形態の性差はこれまでの報告よりもずっと早く、一次骨化の開始時にすでに明らかであることを、統計学的に示しました。

*内容は、京大HP等で紹介されました

Kanahashi T, Matsubayashi J, Imai H, Yamada S, Otani H, Takakuwa T. Sexual dimorphism of the human fetal pelvis exists at the onset of primary ossification, Communications Biology, 2024, 7:538, https://doi.org/10.1038/s42003-024-06156-y

Abstract
Human adolescent and adult skeletons exhibit sexual dimorphism in the pelvis. However, the degree of sexual dimorphism of the human pelvis during prenatal development remains unclear. Here, we performed high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging-assisted pelvimetry on 72 human fetuses (males [M]: females [F], 34:38; 21 sites) with crown-rump lengths (CRL) of 50–225 mm (the onset of primary ossification). We used multiple regression analysis to examine sexual dimorphism with CRL as a covariate. Females exhibit significantly smaller pelvic inlet anteroposterior diameters (least squares mean, [F] 8.4 mm vs. [M] 8.8 mm, P = 0.036), larger subpubic angle ([F] 68.1° vs. [M] 64.0°, P = 0.034), and larger distance between the ischial spines relative to the transverse diameters of the greater pelvis than males. Furthermore, the sacral measurements indicate significant sex-CRL interactions. Our study suggests that sexual dimorphism of the human fetal pelvis is already apparent at the onset of primary ossification.

腎臓の高さの左右差についてがCongenital Anomaliesに掲載

腎臓の高さの左右差についてがCongenital Anomaliesに掲載されました。

胚子期の腎臓の上昇、回転についてはこれまでよく知られていましたが、腎臓の高さの左右差については不明でした。本研究では、胚子期に左右腎臓の高さに違いはなく、ともに上昇すること、胎児期初期になると右側が左側よりも高くなることを示しました。胎児期の腎臓上昇の様子は、胚子期とは傾向が異なり別の機序を考える必要があります。

Ishiyama-Takara H, Matsubayashi J, Yamada S, Tetsuya Takakuwa T, Height difference between the right and left metanephroi during early human fetal development, Congenit Anom 64(3) 164-166, 2024.

Marieさんの論文がPLos Oneに掲載

Marieさんの論文がPLoS Oneに掲載されました。PLoS Oneは査読が早い印象がありましたが、今回の初回の査読は7ヶ月もかかりました。読んでくれる研究者がみつからなかったのでしょうか。

Marieさんの博士論文として申請、審査を受ける予定です。

Saizonou MA, Kitazawa H, Kanahashi T, Yamada S, Takakuwa T, Epithelial development of the urinary collecting system in the human embryo, PLOS ONE 19(4): e0301778. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0301778

Abstract

The urinary collecting system (UCS) consists of organized ducts that collect urine from the nephrons and transport it to the ureter and bladder. Understanding the histogenesis of the UCS is critical. Thirty human embryos between the Carnegie stages (CS) 18 and 23 were selected from the Congenital Anomaly Research Center, Kyoto, Japan. Epithelia of the UCS, ureter, and bladder of each sample were randomly selected. Histological findings of the epithelia were analyzed according to the following criteria: type of epithelium, presence or absence of glycogen, percentage of migrated nuclei, percentage of cells in mitosis, and the surrounding mesenchyme. A thickened epithelium lining a narrow luminal cavity was observed in the pre-expanded pelvic specimens at CS18-CS23. At CS23, after pelvic expansion, the UCS showed a thin epithelium with a large luminal cavity mainly located on the early branches, whereas the epithelium covering the subsequent branches had medium thickness. Histological characteristics differed depending on the UCS part and sample stage. The degree of differentiation was evaluated, revealing that in CS18-CS23 pre-expanded pelvis specimens, the undifferentiated epithelium was found in the zeroth to third/fifth generation, whereas at CS23, after pelvic expansion, a differentiated epithelium covered the UCS zeroth to seventh generation. In a comparison of the urothelial epithelium between the UCS, ureter, and bladder, we found that urinary tract differentiation may be initiated in the bladder, followed by the ureter, UCS zeroth to seventh generations, and finally, UCS eighth to end generations. An understanding of the histogenesis of embryonic stage UCS can aid in the clinical management of congenital urinary tract defects and other diseases.

岩佐さんの論文がCongenit Anomに掲載

岩佐さんの錐体筋の形成についての論文がCongenit Anomに受諾されました。雑誌の表紙に採用されました。

錐体筋(PM)と内転筋群

Iwasa Y, Kanahashi T, Imai H, Otani H, Yamada S, Takakuwa T, Pyramidalis muscle formation during human embryonic and early fetal periods, Congenit Anom 2024, 64, 32-39, DOI: 10.1111/cga.12551

錐体筋という腹壁前壁下部にある筋肉の形成について検討しました。

表紙に採用されました。https://doi.org/10.1111/cga.12522

  • 錐体筋は、前腹壁にある一対の小さな三角形の、役割の不明な筋
  • 高分解能磁気共鳴イメージングを用いて、錐体筋がいつ出現したか、その特徴は何かを明らかにすることを目的とした
  • CS18―23までの14個の胚子、59個の胎児(CRL:39.5-185.0mm)を選択した。
  • 錐体筋の形成は胚子期後期(CS20ごろ)にみられ、胎児期初期における錐体筋の頻度、左右差、性差、空間的位置は成体と同様であった。

The pyramidalis muscle (PM) is a paired small triangular muscle of the anterior abdominal wall, the physiological significance of which remains unclear. Recent studies have failed to detect this muscle during the embryonic period. Hence, the present study aimed to determine when PM emerged and reveal its features using high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging. Fourteen embryos between Carnegie stage (CS)18 and CS23 and 59 fetuses (crown-rump length: 39.5–185.0 mm) were selected for this study. The PM was first detected in one of the three samples at CS20. It was detected in five of the seven samples (71.4%) between CS21 and CS23. Forty-eight samples (81.4%) at early fetal period had PMs on both the right and left sides, and three (5.1%) had that only on the right side. Eight samples (13.6%) had no PMs. No side-differences or sexual dimorphisms were detected. The PM length was larger than the width in most samples, although the length/width ratio varied among the samples. The PM/rectus abdominis muscle length and PM/umbilicus-pubic symphysis length ratios were almost constant, irrespective of the crown-rump length. The PM is located ventrally inferior to the rectus abdominis and closer to the medial muscle groups of the lower limb than the rectus abdominis. The present study demonstrated that PM formation occurred in the late embryonic period, and that the frequency, side differences, sex dimorphism, and spatial position of the PM in the early fetal period were similar to those in adults.